IQ/OQ/PQ is a validation approach used to demonstrate that equipment, systems, or processes are properly installed, operate correctly, and consistently perform as intended.

🔹 IQ — Installation Qualification

“Is it installed correctly?”

IQ verifies that the equipment/system has been installed according to approved specifications and requirements.

Typical checks:

• Equipment identification & specifications
• Installation location
• Utilities and connections
• Components/accessories
• Manuals and documentation
• Calibration status of measuring instruments

🔹 OQ — Operational Qualification

“Does it operate correctly?”

OQ tests whether the equipment operates correctly throughout its specified operating range.

Typical checks:

• Operating controls
• Alarms and safety functions
• Operating parameters
• Functional tests
• Upper/lower operating limits
• System responses

🔹 PQ — Performance Qualification

“Does it perform consistently in actual use?”

PQ demonstrates that the equipment/process can consistently produce the required performance under normal operating conditions.

Typical checks:

• Actual operating conditions
• Repeated performance tests
• Product/process requirements
• Consistency and repeatability
• Acceptance criteria

Simple way to remember

IQ → Install
OQ → Operate
PQ → Perform

Installation → Operation → Performance